Butterflies of North America
Butterflies have been revered by mankind since before the dawn of recorded history. They are among the most fascinating and beautiful animals; even people who care not for insects in general usually have an affection for these winged wonders. Live adult and larval butterflies photographed at various North American locations as noted.
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Common Wood Nymph
Common Wood Nymph
Cercyonis pegala
Little Wood Satyr
Little Wood Satyr
Megisto cymela
Eastern Comma Butterfly
Eastern Comma
Polygonia comma
Northern Pearly Eye Butterfly
Northern Pearly Eye
Enodia anthedon
Painted Lady
Painted Lady
Vanessa cardui
American Painted Lady
American Painted Lady
Vanessa virginiensis
American Snout Butterfly
American Snout
Libytheana carinenta
Gray Comma Butterfly
Gray Comma
Polygonia progne
Buckeye Butterfly
Buckeye
Junonia coenia
Family Nymphalidae - Brushfoots or brush-footed butterflies encompass approximately 3,000 species worldwide, of which 160 or so live in or visit North America. This is a very diverse family of true butterflies, and they occur everywhere except the polar ice caps. Their unifying characteristic is the reduced fore legs of both males and females. These vestigial fore legs are useless for walking and give rise to the family's common name.

Brush-footed butterflies also have large prominent knobs at the tips of their antennae, and furry palpi. This family incorporates the admirals, fritillaries, checkerspots, crescentspots, anglewings, leafwings, painted ladies, tortoiseshells and longwings.

Mourning Cloak Butterfly
A brushfoot's 2 front legs are camouflaged and held closely to the thorax. Mourning Cloak, Nymphalis antiopa

Red Admiral Butterfly
Red Admiral
Vanessa atalanta
Mourning Cloak Butterfly
Mourning Cloak
Nymphalis antiopa
Pearl Crescent Butterfly
Pearl Crescent
Phyciodes tharos
Julia Longwing Butterfly
Julia Longwing
Dryas julia
White Peacock Butterfly
White Peacock
Anartia jatrophae
Great Spangled Fritillary Butterfly
Great Spangled Fritillary
Speyeria cybele
Variegated Fritillary Butterfly
Variegated Fritillary
Euptoieta claudia
Goatweed Leafwing Butterfly
Goatweed Leafwing
 
Summer Azure Butterfly
Summer Azure
Celastrina sp.
Zebra Longwing Butterfly
Zebra Longwing
Heliconius Charitonius
Gulf Fritillary Butterfly
Gulf Fritillary
Agraulis vanillae

Red-spotted Purple Butterfly
Red-spotted Purple
Limenitis arthemis

 

Black Swallowtail Butterfly
Black Swallowtail
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
Tiger Swallowtail, black female
Tiger Swallowtail, black female
Pipevine Swallowtail Butterfly
Pipevine Swallowtail

Family Papilionidae -- Swallowtail and Parnassian Butterflies entail more than 600 species worldwide; fewer than 30 of these live in North America. The true swallowtails, the most typical North American members of this family, are large, brightly colored butterflies with tailed hind wings. All North American swallowtails have somewhat spherical eggs. Most of the caterpillars have prominent eyespots. Swallowtail chrysalises resemble bits of leaf or wood; they hang upright through the winter.


Cabbage White Butterfly
Cabbage White
Pieris rapae
Clouded Sulphur Butterfly
Clouded Sulphur
Colias philodice
Orange Sulphur Butterfly
Orange Sulphur
Colias eurytheme
Dwarf Yellow or Dainty Sulphur Butterfly
Dwarf Yellow, Dainty Sulphur
Nathalis iole

Family Pieridae - Whites and Sulphurs include about 1,000 species worldwide, with 60 species in North America. Most of these butterflies are shades of yellow, white, or pale green. There is often dramatic color variation between the sexes, seasonal, and even members of the same species. For all intents and purposes, the clouded and orange sulphurs, for instance, are generally spoken of as on species in the field, they being virtually impossible to tell apart. A few species compete with humans for vegetable and fiber crops.


Monarch Butterfly
Monarch Butterfly
Danaus plexippus
Viceroy Butterfly
Viceroy Butterfly
Limenitis archippus
Queen Butterfly
Queen Butterfly
Danaus gilippus*
Family Danaidae - The Milkweed Butterflies consist of 400 species, only four of which reside in North America. The monarch is the most famous of this family, known for its soaring flight and yearly migration. Most species' caterpillars feed on the toxic milkweed plant, imparting a bitter flavor to the adult butterfly which is distasteful to birds. The viceroy butterfly is not a member of this family, but mimics the monarch. *Queen Butterfly Photo: © Carol Freeman used with permission
Eastern Tailed Blue Butterfly
Eastern Tailed Blue
Everes comynta
Coral Hairstreak Butterfly
Coral Hairstreak
Satyrium titus
Banded Hairstreak
Banded Hairstreak
 Satyrium calanus

Red-banded Hairstreak
Calycopis cecrops
Tailed Copper Butterfly
Tailed Copper
Lycaena arota

Gray Hairstreak
Gray Hairstreak

Family Lycaenidae (gossamer wings) includes four groups: blues, coppers, hairstreaks and harvesters. There are only about 100 species in North America. These small butterflies hold their wings over their back when at rest. In most species, the males have greatly reduced forelegs not unlike the brushfoots, but the females have all six legs well-developed. Caterpillars of many hairstreaks and blues possess honeydew glands. Ants milk these caterpillars and in return, protect them from predators. The compact chrysalises are usually found in ground litter. Both eggs and chrysalis may overwinter, but the caterpillar, rarely.

Gossamer wing coloring comes from two different types of scales: gray, brown and orange scales are pigmented, while blue, green, purple and copper colors derive from the selective light-refracting properties of the scales. The two blues pictured here are very common butterflies here in DuPage County near Chicago; the hairstreaks are fairly rare.


skipper butterfly
Our Skipper Butterfly Pages
Juba Skipper Butterfly
Juba Skipper
Hesperia juba

Wild Indigo Duskywing
Wild Indigo Duskywing

Hobomok Skipper
Hobomok Skipper
White-striped Longtail
White-striped Longtail
Chioides catillus
Common Checkered Skipper
Common Checkered Skipper
Pyrgus communis
Least Skipper
Least Skipper
 Ancyloxypha numitor
Ocola Skipper
Ocola Skipper
 Panoquina ocola

Family Hesperiidae: Skipper Butterflies comprise nearly 3,000 species worldwide, 250 of which call North America home. Skippers are named for their rapid, erratic flight. Skippers differ from the true butterflies in their proportionately larger bodies, smaller wings, and hooked antennae, among many other structural differences. The skipper family is further divided into subfamilies: Grass, intermediate, giant, spread-wing, and firetip skippers.

Byssus Skipper
Byssus Skipper
Problema byssus
Sandhill Skipper
Sandhill Skipper
Polites sabuleti
Long-tailed Skipper
Long-tailed Skipper
 Urbanus proteus
European Skipper Butterfly
European Skipper Thymelicus lineola 

Butterflies from around the world: The specimens below were photographed at the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum in Chicago, IL., and identified by Doug Taron, Curator of Biology, and founder of the Northern Illinois Butterfly Monitor Network. You can find the complete collection at: Butterflies of the World

Checkered Swallowtail
Checkered Swallowtail
Papilio demoleus
Tiger Longwing
Tiger Longwing
Heliconius hecale
Paper Kite aka Tree Nymph
Paper Kite aka Tree Nymph
Idea leuconoe
Sara Longwing Butterfly
Sara Longwing
Heliconius sara
Common Sailor Butterfly
Common Sailor Butterfly
Neptis hylas
Cruiser Butterfly
Cruiser
Vindula erota
Eleuchia Longwing Butterfly
Eleuchia Longwing
Heliconius eleuchia
Common Morpho Butterfly
Common Morpho
Morpho peleides
Great Eggfly
Great Eggfly
Hypolimnas Bolina
Great Mormon Swallowtail
Great Mormon Swallowtail
Papilio memnon
Common Rose Butterfly
Common Rose Butterfly
Pachliopta aristolochiae asteris
Shoemaker Butterfly
Shoemaker Butterfly
Catonephele antinoe
Postman Butterfly - Mated Pair
Postman Butterfly - Mated Pair
Heliconius erato
Owl Butterfly
Owl Butterfly
Caligo spp.
Great Orangetip
Great Orangetip
Hebomoia glaucippe
Cydno Longwing
Cydno Longwing
Heliconius cydno

 

              
 
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