Siberian Crabapple - Malus baccata [2]
Pronunciation: MAY-lus back-AY-tuh.      Rose Family: Rosaceae
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  Siberian Crabapple - Malus baccata
Siberian crab blooming May 8th, near Chicago. The tree is hardy in zones 2-7 *

One of the many selections of flowering Crabapple, Siberian Crabapple is a deciduous tree with a rounded canopy of spreading branches, ultimately reaching 20 to 50 feet in height (Fig. 1). The very fragrant blooms appear in great abundance, and the single, 1.5-inch-diameter flowers are pink when in bud but open up to white. The blooms are followed in fall by long-lasting, bright red or yellow fruits which are very popular with the birds or can be used to make a delicious jelly. Some selections make a mess of a walk or driveway as the fruit falls in the fall and winter.  [5]

Siberian Crab is native to:
ASIA-TEMPERATE: Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia [s.], Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Mongolia, China: China - Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [s.e.], Eastern Asia: Korea, ASIA-TROPICAL: Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India [n.]; Nepal.

Uses: Bonsai; container or above-ground planter; espalier; large parking lot islands (> 200 square feet in size); wide tree lawns (>6 feet wide); medium-sized tree lawns (4-6 feet wide); recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; trainable as a standard; narrow tree lawns (3-4 feet wide); specimen; residential street tree; no proven urban tolerance Availability: generally available in many areas within its hardiness range
 

DESCRIPTION
Height: 20 to 35 feet
Spread: 15 to 25 feet
Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette
Crown shape: round; spreading
Crown density: dense
Growth rate: medium
Texture: medium [5]

See also subordinate taxa:

Distributional range:

Native:
  • ASIA-TEMPERATE 
    Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia [s.]
    Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye
    Mongolia: Mongolia
    China: China - Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [s.e.]
    Eastern Asia: Korea
  • ASIA-TROPICAL 
    Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India [n.]; Nepal
Other:
  • also cultivated  [4]

 

Foliage
Leaves alternate, simple, margin crenate; serrate; serrulate. Leaf shape: elliptic (oval)
Leaf venation: banchidodrome; pinnate
Leaf type and persistence: deciduous
Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches; less than 2 inches
Leaf color: green / Fall color: yellow / Flower color: white
Flower characteristics: very showy, pleasant fragrance; spring flowering
Fruit shape: round / Fruit length: < .5 inch / Fruit covering: fleshy
Fruit color: red; yellow
Fruit characteristics: attracts birds; attracts squirrels and other mammals; suited for human consumption; no significant litter problem; persistent on the tree.
Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; routinely grown with, or trainable to be grown with, multiple trunks; tree wants to grow with several trunks but can be trained to grow with a single trunk; no thorns.
Pruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structure.
Breakage: resistant

Light requirement: tree grows in full sun Soil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; occasionally wet; alkaline; well-drained
Drought tolerance: moderate Aerosol salt tolerance: low. [5]

Siberian Crabapple - Malus baccata
Figure 1. Siberian Crabapple - Malus baccata, Morton Arboretum acc. 366-88*1  [2] 
Crabapples are versatile, small, ornamental trees used in the urban landscape. Crabapples bloom in spring, usually in May, bearing flowers that vary a great deal in color, size, fragrance, and visual appeal. It is common for flower buds to be red, opening to pink or white flowers. The fruit ripens between July and November, and varies in size from ¼”to 2” long or wide. Crabapples thrive in full sun and grow best in well drained, slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5-6.5); however, they will grow well in many soil types. Most crabapple selections tolerate the cold winters and hot, dry summers prevalent in the Midwest.

For many years, crabapple cultivars have been selected on the basis of their flowers, but with some cultivars, undesirable features, such as disease problems and early fruit drop, outweigh their short-lived spring beauty. No single cultivar can fulfill every landscaping need. Consider the following information when choosing a crabapple cultivar for your landscape.  [3]

DISEASE
Disease resistance should be your first consideration. Many resistant cultivars are available and recommended in order to avoid the most common disease problems. Before making a selection, keep in mind that not all crabapples do well in every location. Disease intensity varies from region to region, and disease strength can vary from year to year. For instance, some crabapples will be more prone to disease susceptibility in areas with greater rainfall than in drier climates. Careful consideration of the following information will be helpful in choosing the right crabapple cultivar. There are four diseases that seriously affect crabapple:

Apple scab is one of the most serious diseases from an aesthetic standpoint, but usually not a serious threat to the health of the tree. It is a fungal disease, which develops in cool, wet springs. On susceptible crabapples, apple scab causes spotting of the leaves, premature defoliation, and unsightly spots on the fruit. There are numerous cultivars that are resistant or very tolerant (still susceptible but with little defoliation) so choose one based on its resistance.
Cedara-apple rust is a less serious leaf-spotting disease common to our native crabapple cultivars. It is usually a problem in areas where native junipers (Juniperus) are planted. Selecting resistant cultivars can control this disease.

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that can cause considerable damage to leaves and fruit of susceptible cultivars without threatening the health of the tree. Poor air circulation, close association with susceptible apple cultivars, and wet, humid weather conditions will greatly influence disease incidence and severity. Fire blight is a serious bacterial disease of crabapples. Though it is less common then the others, if left untreated it can be fatal to susceptible crabapple cultivars. Select resistant cultivars.  [3]

  

Please visit some of our other tree species and families:


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Tulip-Tree
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References
  1. Morton Arboretum, Crabapple: A Tree For All Seasons
  2. Siberian Crabapple - Malus baccata, Morton Arboretum acc. 366-88*1, photographed May 8th, 2009. Photographer: Bruce J. Marlin
  3. Morton Arboretum, Crabapples for the Home Landscape
  4. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN), Malus baccata
  5. Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson, USDA National Forest Service fact sheet ST-397 October 1994, Malus baccata Siberian Crabapple

Excerpts from Morton Arboretum articles used with permission.

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